Tarihin yadda Aka Assasa Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya da Hausawa 18 a Legas

Tarihin yadda Aka Assasa Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya da Hausawa 18 a Legas

A yau, Rundunar Sojin Najeriya na daga cikin manyan rundunonin soja da ake ji da su a nahiyar Afirka. Bayan kare iyakokin ƙasa, ta taka rawa a yaƙe-yaƙe daban-daban da kuma ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya a ƙasashen duniya.

Legit.ng Hausa ta bude tasha a manhajar Whatsapp. Kasance tare da mu don samun rahotanni da dumi-dumi!

Sani Hamza ƙwararren edita ne a fannin nishaɗi, al'amuran yau da kullum, da kuma siyasa, wanda ke da shekaru sama da takwas a aikin jarida.

Sai dai shekaru sama da 160 da suka gabata, babu wata rundunar soja mai suna Nigerian Army, watau sojojin Najeriya.

Tarihin yadda aka kafa rundunar sojojin Najeriya
Wasu daga cikin sojoji 18 da aka assasa rundunar sojojin Najeriya daga kansu a Legas. Hoto: The Nigerian Army
Source: UGC

Abin da ake da shi kawai wata ƙaramar tawaga ce ta mutum 18 da gwamnatin mulkin mallakar Birtaniya ta kafa domin kare muradunta a Legas, kamar yadda BBC Hausa ta ruwaito.

Daga wannan ƙaramin mataki ne aka fara gina rundunar da daga baya ta rikide zuwa rundunar sojin Najeriya ta zamani.

Yadda aka kafa rundunar farko a Legas

A shekarar 1863, Laftanar John Hawley Glover, jami'in rundunar sojin ruwan Birtaniya wanda kuma shi ne Gwamnan Legas a lokacin, ya fara neman matasan da za su taimaka wa gwamnatin mulkin mallaka wajen ayyukan tsaro.

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Ya zaɓi mutum 18, waɗanda yawancinsu 'yan asalin Arewacin Najeriya ne da ke zaune a Legas, sannan aka horar da su dabarun aikin soja.

An wallafa a shafin rundunar sojin Najeriya cewa, wannan ce ta zama rundunar farko da aka sanya wa suna Glover Hausas.

Babban aikin rundunar shi ne kare hanyoyin kasuwanci, rakiyar jami'an gwamnati da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya a yankunan da Birtaniya ke faɗaɗa ikonta.

Ko da yake rundunar ta fara ne da ƙananan kayan aiki da ƙarancin jami'ai, ta zama ginshiƙin tsarin tsaron da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka gina a Najeriya.

Sauye-sauye da suka ƙarfafa rundunar

Shekaru biyu bayan kafuwarta, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta sake fasalin rundunar domin ba ta cikakken matsayi a hukumance.

A shekarar 1865 aka sauya sunanta zuwa Hausa Constabulary, inda aka ƙara mata jami'ai tare da faɗaɗa ayyukanta.

A wancan lokaci, rundunar ba ta gudanar da aikin soja kaɗai ba, har ma tana taimakawa wajen ayyukan tsaro da kula da doka, saboda ba a raba aikin soja da na 'yan sanda yadda ake yi a yau ba.

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Daga baya, an sake yi mata garambawul tare da sauya sunanta zuwa Lagos Constabulary, yayin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ke ƙoƙarin daidaita tsarin tsaro a yankin.

Dalilin kafa runduna guda a Yammacin Afirka

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Birtaniya ta fahimci cewa samun ƙananan rundunoni daban-daban a yankunan mulkin mallakarta yana kawo cikas wajen gudanar da ayyukan soja.

Saboda haka, ta fara haɗa rundunonin da take da su a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka domin samar da tsari guda.

A shekarar 1901 aka kafa West Africa Frontier Force (WAFF), wacce ta haɗa rundunonin da Birtaniya ke amfani da su a Najeriya, Ghana, Saliyo da Gambia, kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafin Encyclopedia Britannica.

Bayan kafa WAFF, tsohuwar Lagos Constabulary ta koma wani ɓangare na sabon tsarin, inda aka fi saninta da Lagos Battalion.

Wannan sauyi ya ba sojojin da suka fara daga Glover Hausas damar shiga babbar rundunar soja mai aiki a faɗin Yammacin Afirka.

Haɗewar rundunonin Arewa da Kudu

Domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan soja a Najeriya, gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kafa runduna biyu masu zaman kansu. Aka samar da Northern Nigeria Regiment domin yankin Arewa, sannan aka kafa Southern Nigeria Regiment domin Kudancin Najeriya.

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An yi kicibis, sojoji sun yi ram da 'dan bindiga a hanyar sintiri

Waɗannan rundunoni ne suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaƙe-yaƙen da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi domin tabbatar da cikakken ikonsu a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.

Sai dai bayan haɗewar Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya a shekarar 1914, an ga ya dace a haɗa rundunonin biyu su zama runduna guda.

Hakan ya haifar da kafuwar Nigerian Regiment, wacce ta zama rundunar soja ta farko da ta wakilci Najeriya baki ɗaya, duk da cewa har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnatin Birtaniya.

Yaƙe-yaƙen duniya sun sauya fasalin rundunar

Kafuwar Nigerian Regiment ta buɗe sabon babi a tarihin sojojin Najeriya. Dakarunta sun fara shiga manyan yaƙe-yaƙen da suka wuce iyakokin ƙasar, musamman Yaƙin Duniya na Farko da na Biyu.

Shiga waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe ya bai wa jami'an Najeriya damar samun horo kan sabbin dabarun yaƙi, amfani da manyan makamai da kuma tsarin jagorancin soja na zamani.

Masana tarihi sun yi amannar cewa wannan gogewa ce ta taimaka wajen gina tubalin rundunar da daga baya ta zama Rundunar Sojin Najeriya bayan samun 'yancin kai.

Ziyarar Sarauniya Elizabeth Najeriya

Sarauniyar Ingila, Elizabeth ta II ta ziyarci Najeriya a farkon 1956
Ziyarar da Sarauniyar Ingila, Elizabeth ta II ta kawo Najeriya a shekarar 1956. Hoto: The Nigerian Army
Source: UGC

A farkon shekarar 1956, Sarauniya Elizabeth ta II ta kai ziyara Najeriya a matsayin wani ɓangare na rangadin ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Daular Birtaniya.

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Wani rahoto da aka wallafa a shafin WikiPedia ya nuna cewa, Ziyarar ta kasance mai muhimmanci ga tarihin rundunar soja saboda a lokacin ne aka ba ta sabon matsayi.

An sauya sunan Nigerian Regiment zuwa Queen's Own Nigerian Regiment (QONR) domin girmama Sarauniyar.

Wannan sauyi ya nuna cewa rundunar ta samu ƙarin matsayi a cikin tsarin sojojin Daular Birtaniya, tare da ba ta damar gudanar da wasu harkokinta ba tare da dogaro da sauran rundunonin West Africa Frontier Force (WAFF) ba.

Najeriya ta karɓi ikon rundunarta

Babban sauyi ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Yunin 1958, lokacin da gwamnatin Birtaniya ta miƙa ikon tafiyar da rundunar ga gwamnatin Najeriya.

A 1958 gwamnatin Birtaniya ta mika ikon tafiyar da rundunar sojin Najeriya ga gwamnatin kasar.
Hafsan tsaron Najeriya, Janar Olufemi Oluyede (hagu) a sansanin dakarun hadin gwiwa da ke Maiduguri a ziyarar da ya kai Borno. Audu MARTE / AFP via Getty Images
Source: Getty Images

Wannan shi ne karo na farko da shugabannin Najeriya suka fara kula da harkokin rundunar, duk da cewa ƙasar ba ta samu cikakken 'yancin kai ba a lokacin.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, da Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, an sake sauya sunan rundunar zuwa Royal Nigerian Army.

Sai dai bayan da Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1963, aka cire kalmar Royal, inda aka tabbatar da sunan Nigerian Army, wato Rundunar Sojin Ƙasa ta Najeriya, sunan da take amfani da shi har zuwa yau.

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Bayan wannan sauyi, an fara aiwatar da manyan gyare-gyare da suka haɗa da sauya kayan suttura, alamomin soja, tsarin mukamai da kuma faɗaɗa rundunar domin dacewa da matsayin Najeriya a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta.

Yadda aka kafa Rundunar Sojin Ruwa

Yadda aka kafa rundunar sojin ruwan Najeriya.
Wasu sojojin ruwan Najeriya suna atisaye a saman jirgin ruwa a Legas. Hoto: PIUS UTOMI EKPEI/AFP via Getty Images
Source: Getty Images

Bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatin Najeriya ta fahimci cewa tsaron ruwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki da kuma kare iyakokin teku.

Sai dai asalin Rundunar Sojin Ruwa ya fara tun kafin samun 'yancin kai. A shekarar 1887, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kafa Marine Department, wanda ke kula da zirga-zirgar ruwa da wasu ayyukan gwamnati.

Daga wannan sashe ne aka samar da Naval Defence Force a shekarar 1956, wacce ta fara aiki da wasu jiragen ruwa da aka gada daga Marine Department, cewar bayanan da aka wallafa a shafin rundunar sojin ruwa.

A shekarar 1958, an sauya sunanta zuwa Royal Nigerian Navy, kafin daga bisani, bayan Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1963, aka kafa Nigerian Navy a hukumance ta hanyar dokar majalisa da aka zartar a 1964.

Tun daga lokacin, rundunar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin ruwa a yankin Tekun Guinea, tare da kare harkokin man fetur, yaƙi da fasa ƙwauri da kuma tabbatar da tsaro a yankunan ruwa.

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Dalilin kafa Rundunar Sojin Sama

Burin kafa rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya ya samo asali ne daga 1960.
Dakarun sojojin saman Najeriya sun mika gaisuwa ga Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo a 2007. Hoto: PHILIP OJISUA/AFP via Getty Images
Source: Getty Images

Burin kafa Rundunar Sojin Sama ya samo asali ne bayan Najeriya ta shiga ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya a wasu ƙasashen Afirka a farkon shekarun 1960.

A lokacin, ƙasar ba ta da jiragen yaƙinta, lamarin da ya sa ake dogaro da jiragen ƙasashen waje wajen jigilar dakaru da kayan aiki. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancin samun rundunar sama mai zaman kanta.

Saboda haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta amince da kafa Nigerian Air Force (NAF) a shekarar 1962, sannan aka fara horar da jami'anta a ƙasashe daban-daban kafin a kafa rundunar a hukumance a shekarar 1964.

Babban aikin rundunar shi ne kare sararin samaniyar Najeriya, taimaka wa rundunonin ƙasa da ruwa yayin yaƙi, jigilar jami'ai da kayan aiki, da kuma tallafa wa ayyukan ceto da na jin ƙai.

Rawar rundunonin Najeriya bayan kafuwarsu

Lokacin Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya tsakanin 1967 zuwa 1970, sabuwar Rundunar Sojin Sama ta taka muhimmiyar rawa duk da kasancewarta matashiya.

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Bayan yaƙin, gwamnati ta ƙara saka hannun jari wajen sayen sababbin makamai, jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa da kayan aikin zamani, tare da inganta horon jami'ai a cikin gida da ƙasashen waje.

An horar da sojoji 14,000 a Najeriya

A wani labari, mun ruwaito cewa, Hafsun sojin kasan Najeriya ya ce an horas da sojoji 14,000 daga cikin sababbin sojoji 28,000 da shugaba Bola Tinubu ya amince a dauka.

Waidi Shuaibu ya ce rundunar ta kashe 'yan ta'adda da dama da kama masu laifi 1,877 a farmaki daban-daban da suka kai a fadin Najeriya.

Rundunar ta kara amfani da jiragen sa ido marasa matuka, motocin yaki da aka kera a cikin gida da sauran kayan zamani domin inganta tsaro.

Asali: Legit.ng

Authors:
Sani Hamza avatar

Sani Hamza (Hausa Editor) Sani Hamza ma'aikaci ne da ya yake da gogewa a aikin jarida. Ba fassara labarai da wallafasu a yanar gizo kadai ba, Sani yana da kwarewa a aikin rediyo da talabijin. Ya kuma shafe shekaru 8 a masana'antar fina-finai da dab'i. Imel: sanihamzafuntua@gmail.com