Tarihin Ibnu Battuta mai daukar hankali, daya daga cikin matafiyan da suka zagaye duniya

Idan za a ba da tarihin yawon bude ido a duniya, to ba za a taba mantawa da wani shahararren masanin addinin Islama da ya shafe rayuwarsa a zagaewa kasashen duniya ba. Ibnu Battuta, ya shiga daulolin Muslunci da dama, ya kuma ziyarci bangarori da dama a duniya ciki har da Sin.

Tafiyar Ibnu Battuta ta dauki tsawan kusan shekaru talatin, inda ya ziyarci mafi yawan kasashe da daulolin musulmai da ma sabanin haka, TRT World ta tattro.

Annobar da ta addabi duniya a yanzu ta takura matafiya, 'yan yawon shakatawa da tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci; duk wasu tsare-tsaren duniya an dakatar dasu zuwa wani lokaci.

Duk da yake dukkanmu muna ci gaba da mafarkin makoma balaguro da tafiye-tafiye ba tare da wata damuwa ba, wani jigo na tarihi na zuwa tunanin mutum don daukar wasu darrusa.

Ko da yake yawancin mutane suna ambaton Marco Polo idan ana magana game da shahararrun masu yawon bude ido, masanin muslunci, Ibn Battuta, ya kamata a zahiri ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda za su zo tunanin mutane.

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Yawon tafiyarsa, wacce ta dauki tsawon kusan shekaru talatin, ta dara sama da mil 73,000 (kilomita 117,000), wanda ya zarce na Marco Polo.

Matafiyin dan kasar Maroko ya mamaye kusan dukkanin daulolin Musulunci, wanda ya faro daga Arewaci da Yammacin Afirka a yau, zuwa Pakistan, Indiya, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da China.

Nesa ba kusa ba, ya zarce Marco Polo, da nisan sama da mil 15,000 (kilomita 824,000).

An san shi a matsayin babban matafiyi na zamanin da, Ibn Battuta ya yi tafiya a kan teku, a ayarin rakuma da kuma a kafa, ya shiga kasashe sama da 40, kuma galibi yana sanya kansa cikin matukar hadari don kawai ya gamsar da yawonsa na bude ido.

Komawarsa gida bayan shekaru 29, kusa da karshen rayuwarsa, Sultan Abu Inan wanda shi ne Sarkin Maroko a wancan lokacin, ya nace kan cewa Ibn Battuta ya rubuta labarin tafiye-tafiyensa.

A yau za mu iya karanta fassarorin wancan rubutun nashi, wanda asalinsa ke da taken "Tuhfat al-anzar fi gharaaib al-amsar wa ajaaib al-asfar", ko a Hausance"Kyauta ga Wadanda ke Mamakin abubuwan al'ajabi na birane da abubuwan al'ajabi na tafiye-tafiye."

Kasancewar taken littafin nasa yana da dan tsawo, saboda haka ana kiran littafin gaba daya da Rihla ta Ibnu Battuta, ma'ana tafiye-tafiye.

Asali da kuma tafiye-tafiyensa

An haifi Ibnu Battuta a kasar Maroko a shekara ta 1304 lokacin mulkin daular Marinid. An fi saninshi Shamsud-Din, danginsa kuwa, asalinsu 'yan asalin Berber ne wadanda ke da al'adar aikin alkalanci.

Haka nan, Ibnu Battuta (Shamsud-Din) ya samu ilimin shari'ar Musulunci amma sai ya zabi tafiye-tafiye kan alkalanci.

Barinsa gida a shekara ta 1325, lokacin yana dan shekara 21, Ibnu Battuta ya fara zuwa Makka don aikin hajji wanda ya dauki watanni 16 ya kammala. Bayan aikin hajji sai ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da tafiya.

Yawancin tafiye-tafiyensa ya yi su ne a kafa. Don rage hadarin afka masa, yawanci ya kan zabi ya shiga ayari. Ya kuma tsira daga yake-yake, hadarin jirgin ruwa, da tawaye.

Tarihin tafiye-tafiyensa wani labari ne na musamman da babu makawa game da tarihin Islama da na da can.

Da yake ketara Bahar Maliya zuwa Makka, da farko Ibnu Battuta ya ratsa babbar Hamadar Larabawa ya tafi zuwa Iraki da Iran.

A shekara ta 1330, ya sake tafiya, ya gangara Bahar Maliya zuwa Aden sannan ya tafi Tanzania. Sannan a shekara ta 1332, Ibn Battuta ya yanke shawarar ziyartar Indiya. Ya tsallake Khwarizm, Bukhara, Afghanistan, ya isa Delhi, wanda a lokacin kasar Musulmi ce.

A marabtar Ibn Battuta, Sarkin Delhi na lokacin ya nada shi matsayin alkali, Ibnu Battuta ya kasance a Nahiyar na tsawan shekaru takwas - wasu majiyoyi na ikirarin bai kai haka ba. Sannan, ya sake zarcewa wata tafiyar.

Ya shafe sama da shekara guda a Maldives a matsayin alkali, ya bi ta Sri Lanka da Indiya ya isa kasar Sin.

A shekara ta 1345, ya isa Quanzhou na yanzu a kasar Sin. A lokacin da yake Sin, Ibnu Battuta ya ziyarci birane kamar Beijing, Hangzhou, da Guangzhou. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Grand Canal, ya ziyarci Babbar Ganuwa ta Sin, kuma ya hadu da Mongol Khan wanda ke mulkin kasar.

Sin ta nuna farkon karshen tafiye-tafiyen Ibnu Battuta. Bayan ya kai karshen duniyar da aka sani, daga karshe ya juya ya yi hanyarsa ta komawa gida Maroko a shekara ta 1349.

Duk iyayen Battuta sun mutu a lokacin, don haka ya kasance na dan lokaci kadan kafin ya nausa zuwa kasar Spain. Daga nan ya shiga rangadi na tsawon shekaru a duk fadin yankin Sahara zuwa Daular Mali, inda ya ziyarci Timbuktu.

Ya fuskanci hadari a dukkan hanyoyinsa. Wasu ‘yan fashi sun taba kawo masa hari, inda suka kusan nutsar da shi cikin wani jirgin ruwa da ke nitsewa, kuma wani azzalumin shugaba ya kusa yanke kanshi.

A shekara ta 1355, daga karshe ya dawo gida Tangier dake Maroko inda ya zauna har ya mutu.

A zahiri, Ibnu Battuta bai taba yin ajiyar wata takarda ba yayin abubuwan da suka faru, sarkin ne, Sultan Abu Inan, ya ba shi umarnin tattara abubuwan da suka faru a tafiyarsa, (Rihla) da za mu iya gani a yau.

Ya share shekara guda yana ba wani marubuci mai suna Ibn Juzayy labarin tafiyarsa shi kuwa yana rubutawa.

Bayan kammala Rihla, an yi imanin cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin alkali a Maroko tsawon shekaru, kuma ya mutu a wani lokaci a tsakanin 1368.

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A wani labarin daban, Firayim Ministan Pakistan Imran Khan ya yi kira ga kasashen Yammacin duniya da su tsaurara hukunci kan laifin cin mutuncin Annabi, kamar yadda suke yi kan masu musanta kisan kiyashi kan Yahudawa.

A jawabin da ya yi wa ‘yan kasar ta gidan talabijin daga babban birnin Islamabad, a ranar Litinin, Khan ya ce zai jagoranci kamfen din kasashen da ke da rinjayen Musulmai don "shawo kan” kasashen Yammacin duniya kan batun yin batanci ga Annabi Muhammad.

"Ya kamata mu bayyana dalilin da ya sa hakan ke kona mana rai, kawai da sunan 'yancin fadar albarkacin baki suna cin mutuncin Annabi," in ji Khan.

Asali: Legit.ng