Rashin Tsaro: Manyan Ƙungiyoyin Ƴan Ta'adda 6 da Yankunan da Suke Addaba a Najeriya
Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar hare-haren masu garkuwa da mutane, amma kasar wacce ta fi girman Faransa da Jamani idan aka hada su, na fuskantar wasu tarin matsalolin tsaro.
Sani Hamza, kwararren edita ne a fannin nishadi, al'amuran yau da kullum da kuma siyasa. Sani yana da shekaru sama da biyar a aikin jarida
Akwai kungiyoyin ta'addanci a Arewa maso Yamma, kungiyoyin masu ikirarin jihadi a Arewa maso Gabas, rikice-rikicen filaye da kabilanci a Arewa ta Tsakiya da kuma masu fafutukar kafa Biafra a Kudu maso Gabas.
Source: Getty Images
Kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda da ke addabar Najeriya
Akwai fiye da kabilu 250 a Najeriya, inda Musulmi suka fi yawa a Arewa sannan Kiristoci suka fi rinjaye a Kudu, dalilin da ya sa gwamnati ta ce hare-haren ta'addanci ya shafi kowane addini, in ji rahoton BBC.
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Idan aka yi la'akari da kungiyoyin ta'addanci a kowanne bangare na kasar, za a iya cewa, jami'an tsaro 400,000 na sojoji da 'yan sanda 370,000 sun yi kadan a magance matsalar tsaro.
Ka cikakken bayani game da wasu kungiyoyin ta'addanci da ake da su a Najeriya da kuma yankunan da suka fi addaba:
1. 'Yan bindiga, masu garkuwa da mutane
’Yan bindiga da ake kira bandits kungiyoyi ne masu garkuwa da mutane da ba su da wata akida ta siyasa ko addini, suna amfani da tashin hankali domin samun kudaden shiga.
Yawancin 'yan bindiga Fulani makiyaya ne da suka watsar da kiwon dabbobi bayan shigowar bindigogi daga rikicin Libya, inda suka koma garkuwa da mutane domin samun kudin fansa.
'Yan bindiga na kai hare-hare cikin gaggawa a kan babura, suna amfani da yawan su da saurin motsi domin tserewa kafin jami’an tsaro su samu damar mayar da martani.
Ba su da tsarin jagoranci na kasa; kowanne rukuni na bin jagoransa kamar Ado Aleru da Bello Turji, wadanda hukumomi suka ayyana a matsayin manyan barazana.
Wasu matasan 'yan bindiga suna wallafa bidiyo a TikTok suna nuna makamai, babura da kudaden fansa, abun da ke kara musu farin jini da shigar sababbin mabiya.
2. Boko Haram, kungiyoyin jihadi
Boko Haram kungiya ce ta miyagun da ke ikirarin jihadi da ta shahara a 2014 bayan sace fiye da dalibai mata 200 na Chibok, inda kusan mata 90 ke hannunsu har yanzu, in ji wani bincike na cibiyar Aljazeera.
Kungiyar ta samo asali ne a 2002 a Maiduguri karkashin Mohammed Yusuf, da sunan Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, wacce ke fafutukar kafa jihadi da dokar Shari’ar Musulunci.
An kira ta da Boko Haram ne saboda adawar kungiyar da ilimin boko, kuma rikicin ya tsananta bayan mutuwar Yusuf a hannun ’yan sanda bayan tashe tashen hankulan 2009.
Karkashin Abubakar Shekau, Boko Haram ta mamaye sassan arewa maso gabas, ta naɗa sarakuna, sannan ta yi garkuwa da dubban mata da yara domin bauta ko kunar bakin wake.
Kungiyar ta rabu gida biyu bayan mutuwar Shekau kusan shekaru hudu da suka gabata, amma har yanzu tana kai hare-hare kan fararen hula da jami’an tsaro a yankunan da dama.
3. ISWAP, wani tsagi na Boko Haram
Source: UGC
ISWAP ƙungiya ce da wasu manyan kwamandojin Boko Haram suka kafa a 2016, ciki har da Abu Musab al-Barnawi, saboda adawar salon kashe Musulmai na Shekau, in ji rahoton Australian National Security.
Boko Haram na kai hare-hare a kasuwanni da masallatai ta hanyar tayar da bam, amma ISWAP na ƙoƙarin nisanta kanta da kai hari kan Musulmai, tana mai da hankali kan sojoji da hukumomin gwamnati.
Duk da haka, ISWAP da Boko Haram sun kasance ba sa ga maciji, inda suke kacame wa da faɗa akai-akai, ciki har da lokacin da ake zargin Shekau ya hallaka kansa da bam.
Har yanzu dai kungiyar ISAWAP tana aiki, kwanan nan ta kashe Janar Musa Uba a Borno, yayin da wasu shugabanninta suka sha hukunci kan hare-haren ta’addanci na baya.
Gwamnati ta danganta wasu sace-sacen makarantun Arewa maso Yamma da ISWAP, amma masana, ciki har da Bulama Bukarti, sun shaida wa BBC cewa 'yan bindiga ne suka aikata hakan.
4. Ansaru, wani tsagi na Boko Haram
Ansaru wani tsagi ne da ya balle daga Boko Haram, yana aiki a yankunan da ba na Arewa maso Gabas ba, inda Boko Haram da ISWAP suka fi rinjaye.
An danganta kungiyar Ansaru da kai hari kan jirgin kasan Abuja–Kaduna a 2022, inda aka kashe mutane 11 kuma aka sace fiye da 100.
An kama Khalid al-Barnawi, wanda ya kafa Ansaru a 2016 tare da tuhumarsa kan hare-haren ta’addanci, ciki har da tayar da bam ɗin ginin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Abuja. A Disambar 2025 za a ci gaba da shari'arsa.
5. Mahmuda, sabuwar kungiyar ta'addanci
Mahmuda wata sabuwar ƙungiyar ta'addanci ce da ake kyautata zaton ta balle daga Boko Haram, ta kafa sansaninta a yankunan Kainji National Park tun kusan shekarar 2020.
Ana danganta ta da kungiyar ISIS, kuma tana amfani da sako mai laushi fiye da Boko Haram tare da wa’azi da yaƙin neman mabiya a harshen Hausa, in ji rahoton Business Day.
Kungiyar na kai hare-hare masu tsanani, galibi a kan babura, inda take farmakar kasuwanni, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai da al’ummomin yankin Kwara da wasu jihohi.
A kwanan nan, kungiyar Mahmuda ta mayar da hankali kan Arewacin Kwara zuwa jihohin Neja da Kebbi, wuraren da hare-haren ‘yan bindiga da sace dalibai suka dade suna faruwa.
6. Lakurawa, kungiyar Jihadi
Lakurawa ƙungiyar jihadi ce da ke kai hare-hare a Sokoto da Kebbi, ciki har da wasu yankuna na Jamhuriyar Nijar tun kusan shekarun baya-bayan nan.
Hukumomi sun bayyana cewa ƙungiyar na da alaƙa da manyan kungiyoyin ta'addanci masu ikirarin jihadi na Mali da Nijar, inda mambobinta ke hukunta duk masu karya dokoki, kamar jin kidan da aka haramta da sauransu
Amma, a 2025 aka ayyana ƙungiyar a matsayin ta’addanci, bayan zarginta da satar shanu, garkuwa da mutane, karɓar fansa da kai hare-hare kan jami’an gwamnati.
7. JNIM – Kungiyar Jihadi Ta Sahel
Kungiyar Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), wadda ta fi yin ayyukanta a Mali da Burkina Faso inda take iko da manyan yankuna, na iya fara neman kafa tushe a Najeriya.
An tabbatar da wani harin JNIM a Arewacin Benin a farkon shekarar 2025, kusa da iyakar Najeriya, in ji rahoton Africa Security Analysis.
A watan Oktoba 2025 kuma, kungiyar ta dauki alhakin abin da za a kira harinta na farko a cikin Najeriya, a jihar Kwara – wadda aka sace fiye da masu ibada 30 daga coci a satin da ya gabata, tare da karuwar shigar ‘yan bindiga a yankin.
Idan har an tabbatar da ayyukan kungiyar JNIM a Najeriya, hakan zai kara dagula halin da ake ciki a wasu sassan kasar, inda kungiyoyi irin su Ansaru, Lakurawa, Mahmuda da ‘yan bindiga ke ci gaba da kai hare-hare.
8. IPOB, masu rajin kafa BIAFRA
Source: Getty Images
Tashe-tashen hankulan ’yan aware a Kudu maso Gabas sun samo asali ne daga kiraye-kiryen kafa Biafra, tun kusan shekaru 60 da suka gabata, bayan mummunan yakin basasa da ya hallaka kusan mutum miliyan daya, in ji rahoton ISS Africa.
Kungiyar IPOB, karkashin jagorancin Nnamdi Kanu, ita ce mafi karfi wajen jan ragamar wannan kiran. A 2009, Kanu ya kaddamar da Radio Biafra daga Landan, wanda ke yada sakonnin raba kai.
A 2017, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta’addanci, sannan bayan shekaru uku Kanu ya kafa rundunar mayakan ESN da ke kai hare-hare da kashe mutane a Kudu maso Gabas.
A farkon wannan shekara, Simon Ekpa, shugaban reshen 'yan aware mai suna BRGE, ya gurfana gaban kotu a Finland, inda aka same shi da laifuffukan ta’addanci da aikata laifuffuka a Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya.
A watan Nuwamba, 2025 kuma, wata babbar kotun tarayya a Abuja ta yanke wa Nnamdi Kanu hukuncin daurin rai da rai a gidan yari bayan ta same shi da laifuffukan da suka shafi ta’addanci.
Hare-haren da suka girgiza Arewa a Nuwamba
A wani labarin, mun ruwaito cewa, a watan Nuwambar 2025, an samu hare-hare da sace sacen mutane a Arewacin Najeriya, da suka jefa yankin a tashin hankali.
Manyan hare-hare da shiyyar ta fuskanta sun hada da sace dalibai a makarantar mata ta Kebbi, da sace dalibai da ma'aikatan makaranta a Neja da sauransu.
Wadannan hare-haren sun jawo ce-ce-ku-ce da martani daga 'yan Najeriya da kuma kasashen ketare, tare da dora ayar tambaya kan tsarin tsaron kasar.
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