Ilimin Taurari: Shin menene Solar System? Kuma a ina duniyar nan tamu take a falakin sammai?

- A yau zamu yi dan tsokaci a kan solar system da duniyoyin dake ciki don kara wa junan mu ilimi

- Rana dai tauraruwa ce da tafi kusa damu, kuma duniyarmu ita take zagayawa a duk shekara

- Kowacce Tauraruwa a sama ita ma rana ce mai duniyoyi dake zagaya ta

Solar System shine yankin da muke rayuwa a sama. Ya kunshi rana da duniyoyi har guda 9, wacce daya daga cikin duniyoyin ita ce Ardh da larabci, ko Earth da girkanci, kamar yadda aka sani a kimiyyance, inda 'yan Adam da sauran dabbobi suke iya rayuwa .

Duniyoyin dai girma-girma ne kuma ko wacce tana da abubuwan da ta kunsa. Wasu duniyoyin na da duniyar wata ko watanni, kamar yadda duniyar mu ke da guda daya. Kewaye da duniya keyi wa rana, shi yake samar da chanjin yanayi. Mirginawar duniyar kuma shi yake kawo rana da dare.

Bayan rana, duniyoyi, da watanni, akwai kuma kananan duwatsun da suke yawo a sararin samaniya (meteorites). Sune duwatsun da aka fi sani da wai ana jifan aljanu da su in sun je leken asiri a samaniya. In duwatsun suka shigo farfajiyar duniya, shine ake ganin su da daddare suna guda a sama, wuta na ci a bayan su. Ana kiran su tauraruwa mai wutsiya (ko shooting stars a turance).

Wasu duniyoyin za'a iya ganin su da idanu, wasu kuma sai an sa abin hangen nesa. Za'a iya ganin Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter da Saturn da idanu saboda sun fi sauran duniyoyin haske.

Za mu bi duniyoyin solar system don mu fahimci tsari da suke ciki. Duk duniyoyin da watanni yawancin su a dunkule su ke kamar bal, kamar yadda hotunan kasa suka nuna.

Rana

Rana ita ce mafi girman halitta a solar system din mu. Ita ce gimshiki, kuma ita ce tauraruwar da muke takama da ita. Ita ta rike gaba daya sauran duniyoyi guda taran da karfin jan ta na girabiti (gravity). Su kuma duniyoyin guda tara suna yi mata dawafi. Idan duniya ta yi dawafi daga waje daya zuwa ta dawo har wajen, shi ne shekara daya ke nan ta duniyar.

Abin da ke kawo dare da rana shine, ko wacce duniya, a yayin da take dawafin zagaye rana, tana kuma juyawa kamar yadda katantanwa take yi daga gabas zuwa yamma. Shi ya sa rana ke fitowa daga gabas ta fadi a yamma.

Rana ta ninka duniyar mu girma sau miliyan 1,300,000. Sannan kuma zafin ta ya kai digiri 5,726 a kan ma'aunin Celsius (duk zafin Kano bata fi 40 da doriya ba).

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1. Mercury

Wannan ita ce duniyar da tafi ko wacce kusanci da rana, sannan kuma ita ce ta biyu a wajen kankanta a cikin jerin duniyoyi tara bayan Pluto. Saboda kusanci da rana, shekara daya a Mercury kwanaki 88 ne na kwanan duniyar dan Adam, amma kuma rana daya a Mercury kwana 59 ne na duniyar mu. Saboda haka yawanci sau daya rana ke faduwa a shekarar Mercury. Watau mirginawarta a hankali take yi.

Kasan Mercury ta kunshi karafuna ne ba kasa irin tamu ba. Sannan kuma zafin ta na kai wa har digiri 427 a ma'aunin Celsius. Da sanyi kuma, tana kai wa digiri -173 (duk sanyin Kano a Disamba zuwa Fabairu bata taba kasa da digiri 14 ba).

Duniyar mu ta ninka girman Mercury sau 16.38.

2. Venus

Venus ita ce ta biyu a layin kusanci da rana, sannan ita ce tafi ko wacce duniya kusanci da tamu a girma. Shekara daya a Venus ya kama kwana 225 na duniyar mu. Amma kwana daya a venus kwanaki 117 ne na duniyar mu. Duniyar Venus bata juyawa da gudu kamar sauran duniyoyi.

Doron Kasar venus tarun duwatsu ne masu aman wuta, saboda haka a iya bincike ba abin da zai iya rayuwa a doron ta.

Ana iya ganin Venus daga duniyar mu da idanuwa dab da faduwar rana a ko dab da fitowar ta.

3. Earth

Earth ce ta uku a layi, sannan kuma ita ce da duk wani abu mai rai da aka sani yana rayuwa a doron ta ko cikin ta: 'yan Adam, dabbobi, tsirrai.

Earth na da wata guda daya da ake kira moon. Shima 'yar karamar duniya ce da karfin girabitin Earth ta rike shi a kusa da mu, kuma shi ma yana dawafi yana zagaye duniya. Nisa tsakanin su ya kai kilomita dubu 384,400.

Abin da ya sa ake ganin tsaiwar wata kamar yankan farce a ranakun farkon watan musulunci shine Earth ce ta ke yi wa watan inuwa daga hasken rana.

Tsakanin duniyar mu da rana tafiyar kilomita 149,600,000 ce. Gagarumin zafin da aka taba yi a duniyar an yi ne a sahara a Libya, inda zafin ya kai digiri 58; gagarumin sanyi kuma ya kai digiri 88, a Antarctica, duk a ma'aunin Celsius.

4. Mars

Mars ce ta hudu a layi sannan kuma ita ce ta uku a mafi kankanta bayan Pluto da Mercury. Kasar Mars jajir yake cike da tsaunika da duwatsu, shi ya sa ake ce mata "Jar Duniya."

A siffa tafi ko wacce duniya kamanci da Earth saboda ana hadari, kuma an samu shaidar watakila wata halittar zata iya rayuwa a ciki saboda akwai birbishin Oxygen, iskar da abubuwa masu rai suke shaka a Earth.

Mars na da watanni guda biyu a sama suna mata dawafi: Phobos da Deimos.

Shekara daya a Mars kwana 687 ne na Earth, amma kuma kwana daya, awa 24 ne da minti 39 — kusan dai-dai da mu. In za ka auna girman Earth da Mars, za'a iya saka Mars kusan 9 a cikin Earth.

Yanayin zafin Mars ya kama digiri 23 da zafi, -125 kuma da sanyi, duk a ma'aunin Celsius. Nisa tsakanin Mars da rana tafiyar kilomita miliyan 227,900,000 ce.

5. Jupiter

Jupiter ita ce duniya ta biyar a jerin, sannan kuma ita ce mafi girma a duka cikin guda taran. Earth guda 1,321 za su iya shigewa cikin Jupiter tsaf. Watannin Jupiter guda 69 ne suke mata dawafi. Amma wadanda suka fi kowanne girma sune Ganymede, Callisto, Io da Europa.

Jupiter gaba dayan ta curin iskar Hydrogen ne a siffar karfe (da turanci ana ce mata Gas Giant).

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Shekara daya a Jupiter shekaru 12 ne na Earth, amma kuma kwana daya, awa 10 ne kacal.

Jupiter ba'a zafi ko kadan. Yanayin sanyin ya fara ne daga digiri -145 a ma'aunin Celcius zuwa abin da yai gaba. Nisa tsakanin Jupiter da rana tafiyar kilomita miliyan 778,500,000 ce.

6. Saturn

Saturn ce ke bin Jupiter a layi da kuma a girma. Earth 764 na iya shiga cikin Saturn. Watannin ta a kalla 62 ne, amma wadanda suka fi girma sune Titan, Enceladus, Iapetus, Rhea, Mimas, Tethys da Dione.

Abin mamaki ga siffar Saturn shine tana da kuma wasu dauwatsu da suke yi mata kawanya kamar zobe.

Kamar Jupiter, saman Saturn ma ba'a zafi. Sanyi ya fara ne daga a kalla digiri -175. Sannan ita ma ana ce mata Gas Giant saboda tarin sinadaran iskokin su Hydrogen da Ammonia, da sauran su, ne suka hada ta.

Nisan Saturn zuwa rana kilomita biliyan 1,429,000,000 ne.

Shekara daya a Saturn ya kama shekaru 29 da rabi na Earth. Kwana daya a Saturn ya kama awa 10 da minti 40.

7. Uranus

Uranus ita ce ke bin Saturn a layi da kuma girma. Za'a iya sa Earth 63 a cikin ta. Watannin ta guda 27 ne, amma wadanda suka fi girma su ne Miranda, Titania, Ariel, Umbriel da Oberon.

Kamar sauran duniyoyin da suka zo kafin ita, ita ma ba'a zafi. Duniya na kara nisa daga rana tana kara sanyi. Sanyin Uranus ya fara daga a kalla digiri -216 zuwa abin da yayi gaba.

Ita ma curin iska ne kamar Saturn da Jupiter, amma komai a kankare yake. Saboda haka ake ce mata Ice Giant a turance. Shi yasa za'a gan ta shudiya a hoton kasa.

Nisan ta zuwa rana kilomita biliyan 2, 871, 000, 000 ne.

Shekara daya a Uranus ya kama shekaru 84 da kusan wata 4. Rana daya kuma ya tashi awa 17 da minti 14.

8. Neptune

Neptune ita ce mai bin Uranus a girma da kuma a nisa daga rana. Ta ninka Earth girma sau 58. Watannin ta guda 14 ne, amma wadanda suka fi girma su ne Triton, Nereid da Proteus.

Sanyin ta ya fara daga digiri -214. Kuma ita ma a kankare take kamar Uranus.

Shekara daya a Neptune ya kama shekaru 164 da watanni 5. Sannan kwana daya ya kama awanni 16 da minti 6.

Nisan ta daga rana kilomita biliyan 4,498,000,000 ne.

9. Pluto

Pluto ita ce ta karshe a cikin jerin. Ita ce mafi kankanta a cikin guda taran da muka lissafo. Earth ta fi Pluto girma sau kusan 157.

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A shekarar 2006, masana sun cire Pluto daga jerin duniyoyi saboda kankantarta da kuma cewa bata cika sharuddan zama cikakkiyar duniya ba. An samu wasu duniyoyin irin ta a kusa da ita wadanda suma duk a kankare suke.

Sharuddan abu a kira shi duniya sune:

1. Ya zamanto duniyar na zagaye rana/tauraruwa.
2. Ya zamanto karfin girabitin/fizga, nata ya sa bata layii ko tangadi a cikin system din.
3. Ya zamanto babu wani abu a kusa da ita da ya kai ta girma.Sai kanana, da ake kira wata, ko satellite

Pluto ta cika sharuddan 1 da 2, amma bata cika na uku ba. Saboda haka masana suka cire ta daga cikin jerin duniyoyi.

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